نکته
( ضمایر انعکاسی)
Reflexive pronouns
وقتی فاعل و مفعول جمله ای یکی باشند از ضمایـر انعکاسی استفاده می شود.

1) I see …….. In the mirror.
a) herself
b) myself
c) themselves
d) himself
2) John cut…….when he was working in the kitchen.
a) herself
b) himself
c) myself
d) themselves
3) She was talking to………
a) her
b) she
c) it
d) herself
4) Talking to………….is the first sign of madness.
a) yourself
b) you
c) she
d) he

نکته
( اگر چه )
Although
برای بیـان دو موضـــوع مخالف هم بکار می رود

1) ……the traffic held us up,we got to the airport on time.
a) If
b) Whether
c) Because
d) Although
2) I forgot my appointment……. my secretary reminded me of it.
a) If
b) although
c) because
d) whether
3) They’re a nice family,………I don’t like David much.
a) If
b) because
c) although
d) whether
4) I"d like to go out, ……. it is a bit late.
a) If
b) whether
c) because
d) although

نکته
مگر اینکه ، مگر
Unless
Unless
بجای
If …. Not
بکار می رود.

1) John will buy a new bicycle….. he can fix his old one today.
a) unless
b) if
c) whenever
d) but
2) John will stay home……..the weather is nice.
a) if
b) because
c) whether
d) unless
3) Come tomorrow …... I phone.
a) if
b) whether
c) unless
d) but
4) Let’s have dinner out…… you’re too tired.
a) unless
b) if
c) because
d) but

... ماضی ساده / ماضی بعید

نکته
زمان گذشته سا ده
Simple Past Tense
این زمان برای بیان عملی است که در وقت مشخص در گذشته آغاز شده باشد و پایان یافته باشد.

1) The plane .... Shiraz last night at midnight.
a) leave
b) leaves
c) left
d) have left
2)We…our dinner half an hour ago.
a) finishes
b) were finished
c) had finished
d) finished
3) Yesterday I……to the library to borrow a book.
a) went
b) go
c) am going
d) to go
4) He went to the restaurant and …………some food.
a) order
b) ordered
c) to order
d) orders

نکته
ماضی بعید
این زمان برای بیان عملی است که درزمان گذشته وقبل از یک عمل دیگر به وقوع پیوسته باشد که اولین عمل را بـــه ماضی بعید و دومین عمل را به گذشته ساده می نویسیم :

1) John passed the exam because he…….enough before taking it.
a) had studied
b) has studied
c) would study
d) was studying
2) I ……..the rooms before they arrived.
a) cleaned
b) had cleaned
c) cleaning
d) have cleaned
3) The lady…..the dinner before her husband arrived.
a) will cook
b) had cooked
c) would cook
d) has cooked
4) The guests left after they…… lunch.
a) have eaten
b) eat
c) ate
d) had eaten

نکته
زمان آینده ساده
Simple Future Tense
این زمان برای بیان عملی است که در وقت مشخص در آینده به وقوع خواهد پیوست.

1)She...her grandfather tomorrow.
a) meet
b) will meet
c) met
d) meets
2) My friend…… with us this coming week - end.
a) will stay
b) stayed
c) had stayed
d) stays
3) Next month Jane……twenty three.
a) have
b) will be
c) has
d) is having
4) we …………….a good scientific program on T.V tomorrow evening.
a) watched
b) had watched
c) watch
d) will watch

نکته
ترکیب قرار گرفتن صفات در جمله
The / a / an
ازچپ به راست
اسم + جنس+ ملیت + رنگ + اندازه + کیفیت

1) Which sentence is grammatically wrong?
a) Don’t look at the people sitting over there.
b) Our brain can keep a record of past events.
c) The cars that are sold here are very expensive.
d) The new Japanese blue car will become cheaper.
2) Which sentence is grammatically right?
a) The white large cotton shirt was very beautiful.
b) The large white cotton shirt was very beautiful.
c) The cotton white large shirt was very beautiful.
d) The beautiful cotton white shirt was very large.
3) A: “ Do you have a watch ?”
B: “ Yes , I have………….. .”
a) an old gold watch.
b) a gold old watch
c) an old watch gold
d) a watch gold old

نکته
جمله اسمیه
Noun Clause
گاه یک جمله می توانــد به جای اسم درنقش مفعول قرارگیرد و نقش مفعول را درجمله بازی کندکه به آن جمله اسمیه میگوئیم.جمله اسمیه را میتوان با ضمایر موصولی
- ...when - where - that
به جمله اصلی مرتبط کرد
جمله اسمیه را هرگز با افعـال کمکی
..., did – does – do
سوالی نمی کنیم.

1) I don’t know what….for lunch yesterday.
a) did you eat
b) do you eat
c) you ate
d) you eat
2) A:“Do you know what she said?”
B: “No,I don’t know…….”
a) what did she say
b) what she says
c) what does she say
d) what she said
3) I really don’t know where…..the book I gave him.
a) was he left
b) he was left
c) has he left
d) he has left
4) “Where did he go ?”
“ I don’t know where…………”
a) he went
b) he goes
c) did he go
d) does he go

نکته
افعال ربطی
Linking verbs
افعال زیر ربطی می باشند و بعد از آنها صفت قرار می گیرد
Look , sound , seem
به معنی به نظر رسیدن
Feel
به معنی احساس کردن
To be
به معنی بودن
Taste
به معنی مزه دادان
smell
به معنی بودادن

1) Yesterday your brother was sad but today he seems………
a) happily
b) sad
c) happy
d) sadly
2) He has worked very hard all day long and now he feels very....
a) surprised
b) tired
c) angrily
d) sadly
3) I wouldn’t buy that guitar.
It sounds a bit……….
a) cheap
b) cheaply
c) expensively
d) costly
4) This tastes……. . what’s in it?
a) quietly
b) sadly
c) friendly
d) delicious

... how often / how long

نکته
How often
چند وقت به چندوقت
برای پرسش در مورد زمان بکار می رود.

1) …do they go to the cinema ?
a) How many
b) How often
c) How old
d) whose
2) ……….. do you exercise?
a) How many
b) How often
c) How old
d) whose
3) …..do the buses run ?
a) How often
b) How long
c) How old
d) How many
4) …..does he write to you ?
a) How far
b) How much
c) How many
d) How long

نکته
چه مدت
How long
برای پـــرسش در مــورد
زمان بکار می رود.

1) …….has he lived in Tehran?
a) How long
b) How much
c) How
d) How for
2) ….have you studied English?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How
d) How long
3) …….are the holdings?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How long
d) How
4)….have you been waiting here?
a) How much
b) How
c) How long
d) How many

نکته
چقدر
How much
با اسامی مفرد غیرقابل شمارش بکار می رود.

1) ……tea is there in the glass?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How long
d) How
2) …….milk is there in the cup?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How long
d) How
3) …….money have you got?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How
d) How long
4) …….petrol do you need?
a) How many
b) How far
c) How long
d) How much

نکته
چند تا
How many
با اسامی جمع قابل شمارش بکار می رود:

1).……….books are there on the table ?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How
d) How long
2)……….plates are there in the kitchen?
a) How much
b) How
c) How long
d) How many
3)………children have you got?
a) How long
b) How many
c) How much
d) How
4)………apples do you want? I want three.
a) How
b) How much
c) How many
d) How far

نکته